Dave's Mormon Inquiry

Faith, Hope, and Charity in an Age of Doubt

Once upon a time, the topic of inoculation was all the rage in the Bloggernacle. Too late for that now; the epidemic is upon us and its primary symptom, doubt, has become a standard feature of LDS discourse. The latest discussion is Patrick Mason's new book Planted: Belief and Belonging in an Age of Doubt, co-published by the Maxwell Institute and Deseret Book. I haven't had a chance to read it yet, so instead I'm going to point you to Boyd Peterson's post "What To Do If Someone You Know Is Going Through A Faith Crisis."

Modern Christology, Part 2

Having covered the general topic in my earlier post, I'm going to pull a few additional topics from a book by Jesuit scholar Gerald O'Collins: Christology: A Biblical, Historical, and Systematic Study of Jesus (OUP, 2d ed., 2009). As a Mormon writing for a largely Mormon set of readers, I'm naturally drawn to topics that complement or contrast with LDS Christological views.

Two Kinds of Mormons

Or maybe two kinds of Mormonism. Go read Boyd Peterson's recent essay "Eugene England and the Future of Mormonism" and decide whether you are an England Mormon or a McConkie Mormon. Or whether you prefer England Mormonism or McConkie Mormonism. Or whether, if you were moving into a new ward, you would rather find Bishop England or Bishop McConkie to be your new local leader.

Policy or Revelation?

Facebook is ablaze with dismay over statements made by Elder Russell M. Nelson in Sunday night's Worldwide Devotional, titled "Becoming True Millennials." Initially, when the details of the new provisions were first disclosed and when Elder Christofferson publicly defended them, they were simply portrayed as a policy. Now, many are suggesting Elder Nelson has declared that the policy regarding Mormons in gay marriages and the status of their children (hereinafter, the "New Policy") is more than a policy, it is a Revelation. The media is now picking up on this: here is a CBS News story titled "Mormon leader says policy against gay marriage was word from God." If you go visit the home page at LDS.org, you will indeed find a box with a link to the Elder Nelson broadcast — just below "Youth: Ask Your Questions Here" and a couple of boxes to the right of "Meet the New Presiding Bishopric." Somehow I kind of expected a new big-R Revelation to get a little bigger headline at LDS.org. So ... is it a policy or a revelation? What's the difference? In light of the key LDS principle of continuing revelation, is the distinction between policy and revelation meaningful or simply confusing?

Modern Christology

I recently read Alan Spence's Christology: A Guide for the Perplexed, a short but very helpful discussion of the topic. I'm going to use it to reflect a bit on Mormon Christology, particularly as it relates to modern Christological commentary on and criticism of the doctrines that emerged from theological debates in the early Church. First, let's define the problem.

How Technology Is Changing the Church

At checkout on a recent visit to my favorite SLC bookstore, I was rewarded with a free book: After 150 Years: The Latter-day Saints in Sesquicentennial Perspective (Charles Redd Center for Western Studies, 1983). Loyalty has its perks. A bit dated at 32 years, but this chapter caught my eye: "Testimony and Technology," by LDS historian James B. Allen. What he didn't see coming: The Internet.

All the Lights Were Red: Thinking About Reform in Mormonism

A funny thing happened on the way to the conference. On Saturday morning I was driving to the final day of the SMPT Conference held on the BYU Campus. I hit the main BYU intersection near the Marriott Center. My light was red. There were cars stopped at other approaches as well. Everyone was stopped. All the lights were red. As I had been thinking Mormon thoughts while driving down Provo Canyon and onto campus, that seemed like a sign: Nothing is changing. No movement. Full stop.

Reading Genesis

The latest entry in the how-to-read-the-Bible genre is How to Read the Bible (HarperOne, 2015) by Harvey Cox, a Harvard divinity prof who has been around since the sixties (his classic The Secular City was published in 1965). The first chapter is devoted to Genesis. He offers some helpful perspectives to go beyond simply plodding though chapter by chapter, verse by verse, trying to follow what is going on or being said. Here are four approaches to shape one's reading.

Teaching Genesis

A new year of LDS seminary is just starting up, and this year's course of study is the Old Testament. The first week of lessons gives some Mormon framing: (1) an introduction to the Old Testament (it "contains images, symbols, and teachings about the Lord Jesus Christ" and "in the Old Testament, Jesus Christ is known as Jehovah"); (2) a review of the Plan of Salvation (essential elements: Creation, the Fall of Adam and Eve, and the Atonement); (3) a module on how to study the scriptures; and (4) a lesson on the Bible (with a timeline starting with Adam at 4000 BC). Then lessons 6-16 cover the LDS Book of Moses, followed quickly by three lessons (19-21) on the LDS Book of Abraham. The material in Genesis 1-5 is never studied directly. The student reading chart includes all of Moses and all of Abraham but omits Genesis 1-5. The early lessons use Moses references almost exclusively.

Updated Old Testament Seminary Scriptures

A couple of years ago, with no public announcement or explanation that I am aware of, CES modified LDS seminary scriptures (aka Scripture Mastery) for all four courses of study. Two years ago I posted a summary of the changes to the Book of Mormon list. Now let's see what changes have been made to the Old Testament list. The LDS Old Testament curriculum includes the Book of Moses and the Book of Abraham, so the list includes three scriptures from those two Pearl of Great Price books. A nicely formatted table showing changes for all four years is available here.

Seer Stones and the New Narrative

A week ago, the Church released a suddenly iconic photograph of Joseph Smith's favorite seer stone, and also posted at LDS.org an article by three LDS historians, "Joseph the Seer," to be published in the October 2015 Ensign. It seems clear that the image plus the content of the article are going to rewrite the standard ("official") LDS narrative concerning Joseph Smith's translation of the Book of Mormon text. I'm concerned it may also bring folk magic back into that narrative and even back into mainstream LDS culture. That seems like a step in the wrong direction.

Review: Fresh Courage Take

I recently read the new book Fresh Courage Take: New Directions by Mormon Women (Signature Books, 2015; publisher's page), edited by Jamie Zvirdin with a foreward by Joanna Brooks. Twelve enlightening essays reflecting the plight, fight, and delight of being a Mormon woman circa 2015. You might ask: Not being a Mormon woman myself, who am I to write a review of this book? I know at least a few Mormon women rather well (mother, wife, daughter). Also, I have read lots of blog and Facebook posts by articulate Mormon women sounding some of the same themes and experiences, albeit shorter and less polished than these published essays. There's a certain "I'm mad as heck and I'm not going to take it for much longer, only a few more years, but I really enjoy teaching the Sunbeams" quality to a lot of Mormon feminist writing. These essays show even less mad and more enjoyment.

Bushman on Improving the LDS History Curriculum

An interesting AMA exchange with Richard Bushman was recently posted at Reddit. In one of the more interesting comments, Bushman states:

We are in a period of transition with regard to our history. The narrative is in the process of reconstruction. Right now that means there is the standard, comforting story, and then a series of controversies. Teachers are wondering how many of the surprises can be brought up in Sunday School without disrupting the spiritual purposes of the class.

Mormons and Race

Go read Russell Stevenson's review of Paul Reeve's Religion of a Different Color: Race and the Mormon Struggle for Whiteness (OUP, 2015). A sample quotation: "Reeve argues that Mormonism represented more than a strain of religiosity in nineteenth-century America; it also served as a prism revealing how complex racial attitudes could be."

If you want more on this topic, you can also go read my review of Russell's own book, For the Cause of Righteousness: A Global History of Blacks and Mormonism, 1830-2013 (Kofford Books, 2013). It has been a great year for LDS books!

Review: First Principles and Ordinances

I'm going to say some nice things about Sam Brown's First Principles and Ordinances: The Fourth Article of Faith in Light of the Temple, published in 2014 by the Neal A. Maxwell Institute. But first some background. This short book (153 pages of text) is part of the Maxwell Institute's Living Faith series, which also includes Adam Miller's Letters to a Young Mormon. What I like about both books is that they take a relentlessly positive approach to the LDS doctrines and principles they discuss but avoid the oversimplified discussion that has become the norm for the LDS curriculum and mainstream LDS books. These are books directed at the intelligent Mormon reader.

Revelation, Resistance, and Mormon Polygamy

Merina Smith's Revelation, Resistance, and Mormon Polygamy: The Introduction and Implementation of the Principle, 1830-1853 (USU Press, 2013) does a very nice job summarizing scholarship on the LDS practice of polygamy during Joseph Smith's lifetime and for the decade following his death. The focus of the narrative (which is based on the author's recent PhD dissertation) is on the development of a theological narrative to support and justify the early practice of LDS polygamy. The author makes the point that a convincing theological narrative or justification was a necessary prerequisite for the acceptance and practice of polygamy by Joseph's associates and of course by the women who participated. Later the practice was broadened to a much larger percentage of the membership of the Church. And this is a key point: it took years for Joseph to develop that theological narrative and to get others to accept that theology. This book tells that interesting story.

Day of the Lamanite, Deferred

Lamanite: An increasingly dated term that now rubs many people the wrong way when heard in public Mormon discourse. But the category lingers on despite LDS attempts to move toward a post-racial approach to priesthood and salvation. Lamanites, Nephites, children of Lehi, Indians, Native Americans, Amerindians — whichever term you choose, it's clear the doctrinal category is still with us. There is still a racial component to the Mormon view of past, present, and future history. Let's explore this a bit.

Joseph Smith's Polygamy: Toward a Better Understanding

You have probably heard about Joseph Smith's Polygamy: Toward a Better Understanding (Greg Kofford Books, 2015; publisher's page) by Brian C. and Laura H. Hales. It has been getting a lot of attention, coming as it does in the wake of the recently released polygamy essays at LDS.org. Furthermore, the book follows the three-volume treatment of the history and theology of Joseph Smith's polygamy, authored by Brian C. Hales and (for volumes 1 and 2) Don Bradley and also published by Kofford. Not having read the three volumes, I assume the 100 pages of narrative text in this shorter volume, along with the 75 pages of biographical sketches of the 35 women who were, in one sense or another, plural wives of Joseph Smith, are something like a summary of the material discussed at greater length in the three longer volumes. An abridgement, if you will.

For the Cause of Righteousness: A Global History of Blacks and Mormonism, 1830-2013

It's time for a discussion of Russell Stevenson's For the Cause of Righteousness: A Global History of Blacks and Mormonism: 1830-2013 (Greg Kofford Books, 2014; publisher's page). We are fortunate to have Russell presently doing a guest blogger stint at T&S, so I look forward to his responses to my review and to your observations or questions in the comments.

For the Cause of Righteousness is both comprehensive, as it takes a global view of the topic for the entire history of the LDS Church, and timely, coming just after the Church's publication of the definitive Race and the Priesthood essay. And the issue of race and the priesthood is not just an isolated topic or chapter in our history; it is a central theme that runs right through the middle of LDS history, from the first decade right up to today. It's not a pretty story, but it is one that you, as a Mormon, simply need to know.

Polygamy: Demise

This is the third and final post on B. Carmon Hardy's Doing the Works of Abraham: Mormon Polygamy: Its Origin, Practice and Demise (Arthur H. Clark Co., 2007). The simple story of the end of LDS polygamy is that it ended in 1890 with the Manifesto. The not-so-simple story involves a Second Manifesto in 1904, which raises the obvious question, "If the First Manifesto ended polygamy, why the need for a Second Manifesto?" The First Manifesto did not end the officially sanctioned LDS practice of polygamy. In fact, it took twenty years to fully execute that momentous institutional change of course.

Polygamy: Public Practice

In my prior post, I looked briefly at the origins of polygamy. Again using documents from B. Carmon Hardy's Doing the Works of Abraham: Mormon Polygamy: Its Origin, Practice, and Demise (Arthur H. Clark, 2007), I will now look at the public practice of polygamy in early Utah. How did the Saints in Utah explain it to the world and what did visitors to Salt Lake City say about what they observed?

Polygamy: Origins

Once upon a time, no one except critics wanted to talk about LDS polygamy. But TV shows, court cases, and four Gospel Topics essays on the subject — which run to 32 pages of material when I printed them out — have changed the game. Now everyone is talking about polygamy. The current LDS position, however, is still as murky and convoluted as ever. Historical explanations, doctrinal justifications, and even simple factual descriptions of LDS polygamy remain controversial (see earlier posts at T&S, BCC, JI, M-Star, FMH, and most recently Kiwi Mormon). To this expanding conversation on polygamy, add the new aggressiveness some bishops are showing to threaten or initiate discipline based on posts or comments on Facebook or blogs (see here for a recent example) and it is clear we have a problem. This is particularly true given that the average bishop really doesn't know much about the history and practice of LDS polygamy, and half of what he does know is wrong. So it's a good time to review a few sources.

Questions and Doubts

An article in the March 2015 Ensign is stirring up all kinds of discussion: "When Doubts and Questions Arise." Read the article and you will see what the fuss is about. On the positive side, this and other recent articles and talks addressing faith questions at least provide acknowledgement that many faithful Mormons have issues with certain features of LDS doctrine and history. The new essays in Gospel Topics at LDS.org likewise provide groundbreaking official responses on several troubling topics. But the Ensign really has to do better than this polarizing and dispiriting discussion.

Practical Apologetics: Historicity

Over the holidays I borrowed a copy of Historicity and the Latter-day Saint Scriptures (BYU Religious Studies Center, 2001). Turns out the full book is available online at the RSC site. The book features articles by the usual cast of religion profs and scholarly apologists, plus an apostle and a philosopher. Given how central the historicity issue has become of late (as evident in the Book of Abraham essay, for example) this seems like a good topic for my occasional series on practical apologetics. At the risk of oversimplifying a bit, I am going to suggest that LDS writers who address historicity take one of two approaches, which I will label "no middle ground" and "it's not so simple."

The Council of Fifty: A Documentary History

I don't have time to do a proper review of the 490 pages of The Council of Fifty: A Documentary History (Signature Books, 2014), edited by Jedediah S. Rogers, so I am just going to start writing and see what happens. The book hits the bookshelves today, so it's a potential Christmas gift for the Mormon history fan in your life.

Required: working knowledge of 19th-century Mormon history. The book is a collection of selections from publicly available documents that address the Council of Fifty: letters, diaries, journals, manuscripts, research notes, LDS historical documents. While the editor provides helpful footnotes and introductions, a reader who doesn't have a degree of familiarity with names and places of 19th-century LDS history will be a bit lost. This probably eliminates 80% of the active LDS population but hopefully not many readers of this review.